Effects of pretreatment with esmolol and lidocaine on injection pain and rocuronium-induced withdrawal response.

BACKGROUND/AIM We aimed to compare the effectiveness of esmolol 1 mg/kg and lidocaine 1 mg/kg for injection pain and for the prevention of rocuronium-induced withdrawal response. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled a total of 81 patients in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 10 mL of 0.9% NaCl (Group P), esmolol 1 mg/kg (Group E), or lidocaine 1.0 mg/kg (Group L). A subparalyzing dose of rocuronium 0.05 mg/ kg was administered to all patients and its effects were recorded. Anesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol and intravenous rocuronium 0.5 mg/kg in all groups. The withdrawal movements of the patient groups were subsequently graded. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in overall incidence of pain in group E and L compared to the placebo group after administrating the subparalyzed dose (no pain response: Group E = 81.5%, Group L = 77.8%, Group P = 14.8%) (P < 0.001). After intravenous administration of an intubating dose of rocuronium, the esmolol group had a significantly lower incidence of withdrawal movement than the other groups (no response: Group E = 81.5%, Group L = 63%, Group P = 22.2%) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION We found that esmolol significantly attenuates rocuronium-induced withdrawal movement and also reduces pain when used at subparalyzing doses.